Expanded on 21 October 2026

The question must match the available object

It is useful to begin by describing the material without presupposing a result: where the trace was discovered, which item it is on and what exactly needs to be established. Wording such as «confirm that this is hair from a particular animal» predetermines the expected answer. It is more appropriate to discuss whether the nature and species classification of the submitted material can be determined.

Distinguish origin from identification

A finding on the biological nature of a trace, species identification and comparison with a specific source are not equivalent. A comparative task may require additional samples, and the procedure for obtaining them must not be replaced by collecting them yourself without agreement.

  • Which features of the object are suitable for examination?
  • What additional materials are needed to answer the question?
  • Could storage and treatment have altered the properties being examined?
  • Within what limits can the result be interpreted?

Do not include a legal assessment of a person's actions in a technical question. The circumstances of discovery are recorded in the materials, while the expert finding must rely on the features examined and explicitly stated limitations.

On this subject: Biological traces: preserving an object before examination.